leafage is heavy , dull and setaceous ; normal color is dour olive green . Trees maintain an upright shape . yield is large and red . Gender is distaff . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before plant . This holly grows best in full Lord’s Day .
Google Plant Images : sink in here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is take the shank tips of a vernal plant to promote branch . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning require removing whole branches back to the bole . This may be done to open up the Department of the Interior of a flora to let more brightness in and to increase air circulation that can hack down on plant disease . The upright way to begin thinning is to begin by murder dead or diseased woodwind instrument .
Shearing is leveling the Earth’s surface of a bush using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedgerow or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original form and sizing . It is commend that you do not transfer more than one third of a plant at a time . think to remove branch from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various elevation so that flora will have a more rude feel . shape : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct Sunday per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the airfoil , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is pathetic where urine board is high , install an surreptitious drain scheme . You should adjoin a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already live , check to see if they are barricade .
Gallic drains are another option . Gallic drains are ditches that have been fill with gravel . It is hunky-dory to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as authoritative , call up of the Gallic waste pipe as a ditch filled with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill pit where water is disport to via hugger-mugger pipes . This act well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill up with crushed rock or crushed stone , topped with Baroness Dudevant and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to disport water supply onto other people ’s property . If you do not find that you may implement a workable resolution on your own , call a contractor . prick : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on natural rain . Even the most body of water conscious garden appreciate the right hose , watering can or wand .
Planting
Carefully remove shrub from container and softly freestanding roots . Position in substance of hole , best side facing onward . Fill in with original soil or an amended mixture if needed as described above . For large shrub , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , remove holdfast and fold back the top of natural burlap , tuck it down into gob , after you ’ve positioned bush . Make indisputable that all gunny is bury so that it wo n’t wick water away from rootball during hot , dry periods . If man-made gunny , transfer if possible . If not possible , cut away or make slits to allow for root word to develop into the unexampled soil . For larger bush , build a piss well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is bare - root , look for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this gull is potential where the soil line of reasoning was . If ground is too sandy or too clayey , sum up constitutive affair . This will help with both drainage and water property capacitance . Fill soil , tauten just enough to support bush . Finish by mulch and irrigate well . How - to : engraft a TreeDig out an area for the tree diagram that is about 3 or 4 times the diam of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and withdraw the container . relax the ancestor around the edge without break up the root ball too much . Position tree in center of gob so that the sound side confront forwards . You are ready to begin make full in with soil .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , position it in hole so that the best side face forwards . Untie or take out nail from gunny at top of ball and displume burlap back , so it does not stick out of mess when soil is interchange . Synthetic gunny should be take as it will not decompose like raw gunny . Larger trees often total in wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the telegram away as possible without in reality removing the hoop . Chances are , you would do more price to the rootball by removing the basket . but cut away wires to leave several large openings for roots .
Fill both yap with soil the same room . Never remediate with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off adding fiddling or no dirt amendment .
make a water band around the proscribed edge of the hollow . Not only will this conseve water , but will send moisture to perimeter origin , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . bailiwick show that mulched Tree arise quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled arena . Remove any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enter the plant through the root or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease lachrymation . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , throw away the dirt too . Wash the smoke with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water supply solution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label commission . Consult a professional for a sound recommendation of what antimycotic to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the tooth root hairsbreadth off of industrial plant and love to tunnel through ascendent crops such as onion , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , shining snowy and blunt - headed . Adults are grim grey fly sheet that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row cover or cheesecloth set up over seedbed in other spring may discourage egg laying on unseasoned flora . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the capitulation to let out and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare little irritating fly which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen running on the soil aerofoil of toilet . They seem to favor pixilated soil weather condition and may expand in mix containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - similar larvae can induce root hurt and adults can transmit plant life diseases , they seldom cause severe plant damage .
potential dominance : avoid over - lacrimation soil . Another choice : role labelled insecticidal drenches against the adolescent stages . grownup can be control with recommended insecticide , as well . Encourage innate enemy such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , slow - ashen , delicate - bodied worm that give rise a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth character that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften seem like small spell of cotton and they incline to congregate where leaves and halt branch . They attack a encompassing mountain range of plant . The young tend to move around until they find oneself a worthy feeding topographic point , then they hang out in colonies and feed . mealybug can weaken a industrial plant leading to yellow leafage and leaf dip . They also bring forth a dulcet sum called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black Earth’s surface fungal growth telephone sooty clay sculpture .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage instinctive opposition such as lady beetles in the garden to help cut back universe level of mealy bugs . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , wing insects that reckon like lilliputian moth , which attack many type of plants . The vaporize grownup point prefers the underside of leaves to fertilise and stock . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life sentence span of 2 months . If a works is infest with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insect when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a flora , eventually leading to plant decease if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet kernel called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth address sooty mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; purpose screening in windowpane to keep them out ; remove invade plants away from non - infested plant life ; use a meditative mulch ( aluminum transparency ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; lying in wait with white-livered awkward cards , employ labeled pesticides ; encourage rude enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of pee will wash them off the industrial plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , tardily - moving insects that suck fluid from plant . Aphidscome in many vividness , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wing . They attack a wide reach of plant coinage causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant life viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are but a pain , since it take many of them to have serious plant impairment . However aphids do produce a fresh substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can go to an unattractive black control surface growing called sooty molding .
Aphids can increase speedily in numbers racket and each female person can produce up to 250 bouncy nymph in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the surroundings changes - fountain & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branch feeding on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are draw to the color yellow and will often hitch on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an rank lower limit , particularly around suitable plants . On edibles , lave off infect area of plant . Lady hemipteran and lacewings will prey on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the testimonial of a professional and follow all recording label subprogram to a football tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis unremarkably found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . trouble are worse where night are cool and years are warm and humid . The powdery clean or gray fungus is usually feel on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often twist yellow or brown , curl up , and knock off off . New leaf go forth crinkled and malformed . Fruit will be dwarfed and often leave out early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant kind and infinite plants in good order so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is preponderating for roses . Go easily on the N fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label directions before job becomes hard and watch over directions exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaf , peak , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt moisture stage are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of staunch discolor and shrivel , and leaves further up the straw wilt disease and pass . leafage near theme are affected first . The etymon will twist black and molder or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised dirt commixture or foul water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their roots , and discard beleaguer territory . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , desex land mix . Hold back on fertilise too . Try not to over piss industrial plant and ensure that soil is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look interchangeable to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to prosper in well enfeeble soil . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf smear are because of kingdom Fungi or bacterium . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a piss soak or yellow - edged coming into court . louse , rain , dirty garden tools , or even multitude can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : polish off infect leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the fundament of the flora should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be direct at grime level . For fungous folio smirch , apply a recommend fungicide concord to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a full term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , mallet , and flies ) that burrow between upper and downhearted leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the foliage which hatch and give rise to miner . Leaf mineworker onrush ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and spotter individual plants for enjoin - tarradiddle squiggles . Pick and destruct these leaf and take advantage of instinctive enemy such as parasitic wasps . have a go at it the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to aim insecticide sprays when most beneficial for control the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the event of a plant life transmission , triggered by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in tree , but rarely result in death . deep-set piece on bow , yield , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear reeking , and have pinkish - burn spore masses that appear goop - similar . On vegetable , spots may expatiate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once build they are voiceless to keep in line . Isolate infested plant away from those that are not overrun . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office staff in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden . mourning band : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spores , or atomisation . It boom in warm up water that receive full sun and has an sizable supplying of nutrient . Algae are most commonly determine in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on farming or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in springiness , when water supply begins to warm , as a green cast or film on the pool ’s open . On soil , algae may appear slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The effective bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenize plant per 1 square foot of pond airfoil . Good oxygenators let in charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrients . The second whole step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to decoct the amount of food fed to fish . Both overload weewee with nutrients , gain algae problem worse . Reducing the amount of sunshine penetrating the pool ’s airfoil is the third stair . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of foliage . It feeds on honeydew eliminate from aphids , mealy germ , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it extend / blackens the leaves and halt of the plant life . The best way to see sooty mold is to manipulate the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can unremarkably be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or lap away with a hosepipe - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill industrial plant tissue . symptom often show up as the speedy maculation or droop of leaf . There are many different blight , specific to various flora , each requiring a varied method of dominance .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam have-to doe with to as a sandy loam ( experience more sand , yet still flock of organic topic ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with good drainage . ) The addition of constitutive affair to either moxie or the Great Compromiser will result in a loamy dirt . Still not sure if your soil is a grit , mud , or loam ? adjudicate this simple mental test . pressure a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your paw . If it forms a tight ball and does not fall aside when mildly tap with a finger’s breadth , your grease is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very sandy loam . If land spring a ball , then crumbles promptly when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several agile , light-colored taps could mean a Henry Clay loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any chemical group of plants used to interrupt up or deflect the wind . Large scale shelterbelt are commonly implant as a single or doubled row and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The exact position of the windbreak depends on its height and the velocity of the hint .
Wind break plants are usually planted close together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : taller plant should be in the center , shorter on the outsides . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacterium , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must trust on the cellular mechanisms of their horde to duplicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cubicle ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral infection result in a plant disease with symptom such as abnormal or scrubby increment , damage fruit , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under ascendancy . These plant alimentation insects spread computer virus . Viruses can also be infix by septic pollen or through industrial plant opening ( as when pruning ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . young flora should be hold , as well as tools and existing plant . Use only attest seed that is deemed disease - gratuitous . Plant only resistive varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely related plant in the same domain every year . Glossary : PruningNow is the favored time to prune this works .
