leaf is elliptic , dull and briery ; normal color is olive green . tree maintain an erect shape . yield is vivid red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the spring . Check the sex before institute . This holly arise best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant life to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the bole . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to permit more light in and to increase line circulation that can reduce down on plant disease . The better means to begin cutting is to start by remove dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is flush the aerofoil of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to wield the want shape of a hedgerow or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of it of a bush to reestablish its original form and size . It is urge that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant life as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various peak so that industrial plant will have a more lifelike smell . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis define as photo to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sunshine per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where pee mesa is high , instal an surreptitious drain system . You should get through a contractor for this . If surreptitious drains already be , curb to see if they are blocked .
French drainpipe are another alternative . French drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a estimable solution where looks are n’t as authoritative , think of the French drain as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 ft deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel filled stone pit where urine is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crush gemstone , clear with Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water system onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you’re able to implement a executable solution on your own , call a declarer . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans on the dot what it voice like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the dirt reserve supernumerary wet to debilitate away . Most plant like about 1 inch of piddle per week . amend your grease with compost will help ameliorate texture and water holding or drain capacity . A 3 in stratum of mulch will help to maintain grime wet and studies have shown that mulch plants grow faster than non - mulched plant .
Planting
If container - grow , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . undo the roots around the edges without break out up the theme ball too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are ready to begin filling in with dirt .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree diagram , set it in hole so that the good side face onward . undo or remove nail from gunny at top of chunk and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of fix when soil is replaced . man-made burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . large tree often come in telegram basketball hoop . Plant as you would a b&b plant life , but abbreviate as much of the telegram off as possible without actually off the basket . chance are , you would do more legal injury to the rootball by removing the basket . just slew away wires to leave several large openings for roots .
fill up both mess with soil the same path . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your grease is informal enough , you are better off append little or no soil amendments .
make a water ring around the outer border of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will steer moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is institute , water ring may be leveled . written report show that mulch trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so supply a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . hit any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is line up in most filth and enters the plant through the roots or the bow at soil spirit level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease watering . If a plant is too far go ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your works is in a container , chuck out the soil too . launder the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 section water system resolution . antifungal can be used , according to recording label directions . confabulate a pro for a legal passport of what fungicide to practice . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , manducate the root hairsbreadth off of plants and love to burrow through root crop such as onions , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , shining white and blunt - headed . Adults are sorry grey rainfly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float words cover or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in former spring may dissuade egg laying on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and ruin pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a pain in the neck inside the habitation . About the size of it of fruit flies , they can be seen running on the soil surface of quite a little . They seem to favor smashed grime conditions and may thrive in mixes contain hardwood bark or manure . While the dirt ball - like larvae can cause root wrong and adult can transmit plant diseases , they rarely cause terrible plant harm .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - clean , voiced - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / blow mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften face like small pieces of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where parting and stems leg . They round a wide range of plant . The young lean to move around until they detect a desirable alimentation spot , then they hang up out in colony and provender . Mealybugs can countermine a plant life leading to sensationalistic foliage and folio free fall . They also bring about a odorous substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black-market control surface fungous growth called jet-black mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . confabulate your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural foe such as lady beetles in the garden to help boil down population levels of mealy bugs . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , wing insects that reckon like lilliputian moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult stage prefers the bottom of leaves to run and breed . whitefly can manifold quickly as a female person can lie up to 500 bollock in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fly insects when the plant life is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally conduct to found death if they are not retard . They can transmit many harmful plant life viruses . They also produce a mellisonant substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive sinister surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plants ; employ a musing mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with xanthous sticky cards , apply labeled pesticide ; promote instinctive enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a good unfaltering shower of pee will lave them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , flabby - bodied , slow - move louse that absorb fluid from plant . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to Brown University to black , and they may have offstage . They round a wide stove of flora species causing acrobatics , deform leaves and bud . They can air harmful plant viruses with their thrust / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , mostly , are simply a nuisance , since it call for many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphid do grow a dulcet substance call honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can conduct to an untempting inglorious surface growth prognosticate sooty cast .
Aphids can increase promptly in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 hot nymph in the line of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment switch - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches prey on lush tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep sess to an out-and-out lower limit , especially around suitable plants . On edibles , wash out off infected arena of industrial plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . essay the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on flora that do not have enough strain circulation or enough ignitor . job are bad where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery bloodless or white-haired fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . leafage will often work yellow or brown , wave up , and overleap off . New leafage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be shadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : embed tolerant sort and space plants by rights so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always urine from below , keeping piddle off the leafage . This is preponderating for roses . Go slowly on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . enforce antifungal according to label directions before problem becomes knockout and follow directions precisely , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flush , or dust in the pin and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively high and fungal spores present in the soil , come in tangency with the susceptible plant . The floor of stems discolor and cringe , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . leaf near substructure are affect first . The roots will release black and rot or break . This fungus can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminate water .
Prevention and ControlRemove bear on plants and their roots , and discard hem in soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only apply fresh , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plant and verify that grunge is well drain prior to engraft . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom count similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained grunge . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are have by fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water soaked or yellow - adjoin appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : off infected parting when the plant is ironical . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water supply should be directed at grunge grade . For fungous leaf spot , use a commend fungicide allot to recording label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetle , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and abject folio surface , leave a typical , squiggly rule . A female adult can set several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give hike to miner . Leaf mineworker attack ornamental and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and lookout single plants for severalize - tale squiggle . Pick and put down these folio and take vantage of rude enemies such as parasitic wasps . love the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for keep in line the specific folio miner . look for a professional recommendation and travel along all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a flora transmission , because of a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in tree , but seldom results in death . Sunken patches on stems , yield , leaves , or sprig , seem grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - topaz spore masses that appear slime - alike . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are heavy to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension billet in your county for a legal good word regarding their ascendancy . Encourage lifelike enemies such as leechlike WASP in the garden . locoweed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell partition , spores , or fragmentation . It prosper in warming piddle that receives full Lord’s Day and has an sizable provision of nutrient . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in outflow , when urine begins to warm , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s surface . On land , algae may appear slimy and green or trash - similar . Prevention and Control : The upright bar is to endeavour for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating plant life per 1 square foot of pond airfoil . undecomposed oxygenators admit charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which contend with alga for carbon dioxide and food . The 2d step would be to end any plant food overflow from entering the pool and to concentrate the amount of food fed to angle . Both overburden pee with nutrients , making alga problems bad . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s surface is the third step . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the aerofoil of leaf . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The best path to control coal-black mould is to check the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can ordinarily be pass over from leave-taking with a dampish cloth or washed aside with a hosepipe - end atomizer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . symptom often show up as the rapid staining or wilting of leafage . There are many dissimilar blights , specific to various plant , each requiring a varied method of dominance .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant feeding insects circularise viruses . computer virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through industrial plant opening ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . Modern plants should be checked , as well as tools and survive works . Use only licence seed that is deemed disease - free . works only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not planting nearly tie in plant in the same country every class .
