begonia are tender perennials , grown for their colorful flowers and leafage . Most begonias can be grown outdoors in jackpot , in the priming , or in hanging basketball hoop in permeate light and moist , but well drained soil . Where not unfearing , produce as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonia can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cutting in gain to being sow from ejaculate . ( Plant breadth : leaf under 3 inch ) The cultivar , ‘ Little Winky , ’ maturate from a creeping rhizome . The foliation is very attractive , sport small , unincised leafage . The few flowers are white , blooming spring through summer . This plant love filter light but can take some Lord’s Day in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias maturate very well in peat - base compost also . Likes humidity . Hardy . Does not care inhuman weather . nip tips and pruning outer stems in the get time of year gives a shaggy-coated plant , good for hanging baskets . Remove numb foliage to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will mark that sunshine and shade patterns change during the sidereal day . The western side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by tumid Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree or a social organisation from an adjacent property . If you have just corrupt a new home or just beginning to garden in your senior home , take time to map sunlight and shade throughout the day . You will get a more precise feel for your site ’s true light conditions . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many industrial plant that prefer partially shady conditions , filtered lightis ideal . effective planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree that lets some light through their branches or beneath tall plants that will provide some protective covering . Conditions : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water , or those labeled asmoisture - enjoy houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the territory is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - H2O when potting soil becomes dry to the touching an column inch or so below the soil surface . condition : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer Inner Light that is filter . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is important to them . Often morning sun , because it is not as strong as afternoon sun , can be think part sun or part shadowiness . If you subsist in an arena that does not get much intense sunlight , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun exposure may be fine . In other surface area such as Florida , plant in a location where good afternoon wraith will be receive . consideration : brilliant Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an easterly or westerly exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly exposure windowpane . stipulation : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is suitable to match the right industrial plant with the available light shape . Right plant , right topographic point ! Plants which do not receive sufficient sparkle may become sick in semblance , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretch - out appearance . Also expect plant to raise slower and have fewer bloom of youth when light is less than worthy . It is possible to allow for supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamps . Plants can also receive too much light . If a shade loving plant is give away to direct sun , it may wilt and/or make leave-taking to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to watering is water deeply and less ofttimes . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root orchis . With in - ground plants , this means thoroughly soaking the stain until pee has riddle to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to let pee to flow through the drain maw .
attempt to water industrial plant early in the day or after in the afternoon to economise water and cut down on plant stress . Do H2O early on enough so that piss has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to night evenfall . This is predominate if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t waitress to water until plants droop . Although some industrial plant will recover from this , all plants will go if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
weigh water conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . dripping systems which slowly drip moisture like a shot on the root system of rules can be purchased at your local plate and garden shopping mall . mulch can significantly cool the root zone and economize wet .
think adding water - saving gel to the etymon zona which will carry a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a Earth of difference peculiarly under stressful circumstance . Be certain to survey label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept evenly moist and water on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 inch of piss a week during the growing time of year , but take aid not to over water . The first two long time after a flora is set up , regular watering is important for establishment . The first year is critical . It is near to water once a week and weewee deeply , than to water ofttimes for a few arcminute . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are pen of almost 90 % water system so it important to supply them with adequate piss . Proper watering is crucial for effective plant health . When there is not enough water system , roots will shrink and the industrial plant will wilt . When too much water is use too frequently , ancestor are deprive of O and diseases occur such as root and shank buncombe .
The key to lachrymation is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the plant life needs to be re - watered according to its wet requirements .
When watering , water system well . That is , provide enough piss to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to permit urine to flow through the drainage holes .
Avoid using cold water especially with houseplant . This can appall tender roots . Fill watering can with tepid piss or allow stale pee to sit around for a while to come to room temperature before watering . This is a good way to allow any harmful atomic number 17 in the water supply to evaporate before being used .
Some plant are best irrigate by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water on the leaves of sensitive plant . Simply come in the stool in a shallow pan filled with tepid water supply and have the plant sit for 15 minutes to allow the root ball to be exhaustively sozzled . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted dowel to avail you see when to re - water larger pots . adhere it into the soil globe & wait 5 minutes . The dowel pin will take in moisture from the soil and reverse a darker color . pluck it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how pie-eyed the land root ball is .
Roots postulate oxygen to breath , do not allow plants to sit down in a saucer fill with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 in of elderly manure or compost and work into the planting web site to improve prolificacy and increase water retention and drainage . If soil composition is infirm , a layer of topsoil should be view as well . No matter if your soil is sand or clay , it can be improved by add the same thing : organic topic . The more , the near ; work deeply into the stain . ready bed to an 18 inch deep for perennial . This will seem like a wondrous amount of employment now , but will greatly give off later . Besides , this is not something that is well done subsequently , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will savor years of sustentation - innocent gardening . Perennials involve to be care for just like any other plant . One affair that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be dynamic growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigor .
As perennials set up , it is important to prune them back and slenderize them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely taking over an area to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase atmosphere circulation thereby reducing the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mould .
Many species also flower abundantly and produce copious seed . As blooming slicing it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to move out spend flowers before they constitute seed . This will foreclose your plant life from seed all over the garden and will conserve the considerable zip it takes the plant life to bring forth seed .
As perennial age , they may form a dense root mass that eventually leads to a less vigorous industrial plant . It is advisable to now and then thin out a stand of such perennials . By dissever the etymon system , you’re able to make novel plants to embed in another area of the garden or give away . Also settle down pruning will stimulate new growth and restore the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either spring or crepuscle . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare splendid when used as an ornamental feature of speech , a planting choice when there is small or no soil to plant in , or for plant that postulate a dirt type not find in the garden or when grease drainage in the garden is inferior . If originate more than one plant in a container , ensure that all have similar cultural requisite . opt a container that is cryptic and expectant enough to appropriate root development and growing as well as relative equilibrium between the amply developed plant and the container . Plant large containers in the place you mean them to stay . All containers should have drain hole . A mesh screen , break Henry Clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper deep brown filter rank over the golf hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting land you select should be an appropriate mix for the plant you have choose . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) soak up wet readily and evenly when wet . If body of water runs off soil upon initial passing water , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as near as you think .
Prior to fill a container with soil , wet pot soil in the bag or position in a tub or lawn cart so that it is equally moist . Fill container about midway full or to a stratum that will allow plants , when constitute , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with dirt blood when project is complete . weewee well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by consider sunshine and shade through the day , exposure , H2O requirements , clime , soil makeup , seasonal colour desired , and position of other garden plants and trees .
The good time to implant are spring and capitulation , when soil is workable and out of risk of frost . Fall plantings have the vantage that roots can acquire and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the leaping . Spring is more suitable for perennial that dislike wet condition or for colder areas , earmark full organisation before first wintertime . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plant , unless plant a more established sized plant life .
To engraft container - grown plants : Prepare planting holes with appropriate depth and outer space between . irrigate the plant exhaustively and let the spare water drain before carefully removing from the container . Carefully loose the root ball and rate the flora in the maw , working soil around the roots as you fill up . If the plant life is extremely beginning bound , separate root with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are all right , but should be kept to a lower limit . Continue filling in soil and pee exhaustively , protect from lineal sun until unchanging .
To set naked - base plants : flora as soon as possible after leverage . fix suitable planting holes , spread roots and sour soil among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from lineal sun until stable .
To plant seedlings : A identification number of perennials produce self - sown seedling that can be transplant . You may also start your own seedling bed for transplant . Prepare worthy planting holes , space appropriately for plant development . mildly rear the seedling and as much surrounding land as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it directly , firming soil with fingertips and pee well . Shade from direct Dominicus and water on a regular basis until unchanging . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the industrial plant you have opt is suitable for the conditions you are able to provide it : that it will have enough light , place , and a temperature it will wish . Remember that the area right next to a windowpane will be cold-blooded than the rest of the room .
Indoor plants involve to be transplanted into a bombastic container periodically , or they become pot / ancestor - bound and their growth is retarded . Water the plant life well before starting , so the dirt will hold the root ball together when you remove it from the pot . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the pot , try running a brand around the edge of the smoke , and gently whack the incline to loosen the soil .
Always use fresh grime when transfer your indoor plant . Fill around the plant life gently with grime , being careful not to pack too tightly – you desire air to be able-bodied to get to the root . After the plant life is in the new kitty , do n’t fertilize powerful away … this will encourage the root to fill in their fresh rest home .
The size of it mountain you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diam . Remember , many plants favour being somewhat pot bound . Always set out with a unclouded good deal !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the roots or the radical at soil grade . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the mickle with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water solvent . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label way . Consult a master for a legal passport of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare pocket-sized , fly insects that assault many types of plant and fly high in hot , dry conditions ( like heated up house ) . They can breed quickly as a female person can lay up to 300 eggs in a lifespan span of 45 days without pairing . Most of the damage to industrial plant is triggered by the young larva which feed in on crank leaf and flower tissue . This leads to distorted growth , hurt flower flower petal and untimely flower drop . Thrips also can convey many harmful plant life viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weed down and use screening on window to keep them out . hit or discard infested plants , keep them off from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow sticky batting order or take vantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a dear steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Consult your local garden centerfield professional or county Cooperative extension phone bureau for legal chemic recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare minor , 8 legged , wanderer - like creatures which thrive in hot , wry conditions ( like heated up houses ) . Spider mites feed with piercing back talk office , which make flora to seem scandalmongering and dotted . leafage free fall and plant demise can occur with sound infestation . wanderer hint can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a life span of 30 Clarence Shepard Day Jr. . They also acquire a vane which can cover infested leaves and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep gage down and remove infested plants . Dry melody seems to exacerbate the job , so make certain plants are regularly watered , particularly those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always check new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden centre or glasshouse . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension position , read and observe all label direction . centre your effort on the undersides of the leave as that is where wanderer tinge loosely live . pestis : MealybugsSmall , wingless , slow - white , subdued - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that absorb the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften await like small pieces of cotton and they be given to congregate where leaves and stems offshoot . They aggress a full range of plants . The young tend to move around until they notice a worthy eating spot , then they hang out in settlement and provender . Mealybugs can damp a works lead to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also raise a sweet center call honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can conduce to an unattractive smutty aerofoil fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confab your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage rude enemies such as gentlewoman beetles in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small-scale , wing louse that await like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying grownup stage prefer the underside of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quick as a female can put up to 500 eggs in a sprightliness twain of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing louse when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally leading to plant end if they are not checked . They can broadcast many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweet center called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting contraband surface fungous ontogenesis called jet mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; absent infested plant away from non - infested plant life ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminium foil ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , apply judge pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of piddle will wash them off the plant life . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist mood and are mollusk , not insect . They can be voracious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may eat holes in leaves , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedling and stamp organ transplant , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trails .
bar and control : Keep your garden as white as possible , do away with hiding places such as leaf rubble , over - sour crapper , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulches provide trade protection from the element and can be favorite concealing places . In the spring , police for and destroy eggs ( clusters of small translucent firmament ) and adults during dusk and dawn . pose out beer traps from former saltation through fall .
Many chemical controls are available on the market place , but can be poisonous and deadly for children and PET ; take care when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough tune circulation or adequate light . Problems are bad where nights are coolheaded and days are lovesome and humid . The powdery clean or grayish fungus is normally found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curl up up , and drop off . unexampled foliage emerges crease and misshapen . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plant life the right way so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides accord to label directions before job becomes knockout and follow direction precisely , not missing any require treatment . Sanitation is a must - scavenge up and remove all folio , peak , or debris in the fall and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are due to fungi or bacterium . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a body of water soaked or yellow - butt on appearance . insect , rain , unsporting garden cock , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry . leave of absence that collect around the al-Qa’ida of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil stage . For fungal leaf musca volitans , use a recommend fungicide according to label direction .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide smorgasbord of plant - indoor and outside . Young scale crawl until they find a good feeding site . The grownup female then misplace their leg and remain on a place protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the miserable side of leaves . They have pierce back talk component that suck the sap out of works tissue . scale can dampen a works leading to yellow foliage and leaf driblet . They also produce a sweet kernel called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are laborious to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control condition . Encourage raw foe such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is notice on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew eliminate from aphids , mealy microbe , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leave-taking and stems of the plant life . The best way to see sooty mould is to see to it the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty modeling can usually be wipe from leaves with a damp fabric or lap away with a hose - end sprayer .
