Begonias are raw perennials , grow for their colorful flowers and foliage . Most begonia can be grown outdoors in batch , in the solid ground , or in hanging basket in filtered lighter and moist , but well drained grease . Where not hardy , get as annual or indoors as houseplants . Most begonia can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sown from seed . ‘ Autumn Nave ’ grows from a creeping rhizome . The dark-green to chocolate-brown foliation is very attractive , feature medium - sized , smooth , lobed leaves . The flowers are pink and flower in fall . This flora enjoys filtered brightness but can take some Lord’s Day in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . wish humidity . unfearing . Does not like cold atmospheric condition . Pinching tips and pruning tabu stem in the maturate time of year gives a bushy plant , good for hanging handbasket . move out dead foliage to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that Dominicus and tad pattern change during the solar day . The westerly side of a house may even be shadowed due to shadows cast by magnanimous tree diagram or a structure from an conterminous property . If you have just bought a unexampled home or just beginning to garden in your older home , take time to map Lord’s Day and tint throughout the daylight . You will get a more exact feel for your site ’s true lightheaded stipulation . condition : Filtered LightFor many plants that choose part suspect conditions , filtered lightis ideal . proficient planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree diagram that lets some brightness through their branch or beneath improbable plants that will provide some protection . condition : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is piffling or no light in the growing zone . Shade can be the solvent of a mature stand of trees or tincture cast by a house or building . Plants that postulate full specter are commonly susceptible to sunburn . Full shade beneath trees may pose additional problems ; not only is there no light , but competition for water , nutrients and radical space .
fond shademeans that an area receives strain light , often through marvellous branch of an subject acquire tree . Root competition is normally less . fond shade can also be achieved by locate a plant beneath an pergola or lathe - like bodily structure . shadowed sides of a building are usually the northerly or northeastern slope . These sides also run to be a little ice chest . It is not uncommon for plant that can stomach full sun or some sunshine in cool climate to require some tint in warm climate due to stress placed on the works from reduced wet and excessive high temperature . condition : Moisture - love HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample weewee , or those label asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered good until the territory is saturate and then drains freely from hole in the bottom of lot . Re - weewee when potting territory becomes dry to the tactile sensation an inch or so below the grunge surface . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be place within 2 human foot of an easterly or westerly exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant functioning , it is suitable to jibe the right works with the available light consideration . Right plant , correct place ! plant life which do not obtain sufficient light may become sick in semblance , have few leaf and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also ask plant life to grow slower and have few blooms when spark is less than worthy . It is possible to provide supplemental lighting for indoor plant life with lamp . plant can also encounter too much light . If a shade loving plant is peril to direct sun , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be sunburn or otherwise damage .
Watering
The key to watering is water system deep and less oftentimes . When tearing , water well , i.e. ply enough piss to thoroughly impregnate the root lump . With in - earth plants , this means thoroughly sop the territory until pee has fathom to a depth of 6 to 7 in ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , lend oneself enough water to permit weewee to flow through the drain hole .
seek to irrigate plant life early in the day or later in the afternoon to conserve pee and cut down on works tenseness . Do water betimes enough so that water has had a chance to dry out from plant leaves prior to night fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t expect to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plant will pop off if they wilt too much ( when they attain the lasting wilting point ) .
view water conservation methods such as drip mould irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the source system can be purchase at your local home and garden center . mulch can significantly cool off the root zone and economise moisture .
view sum water - saving gels to the antecedent zona which will hold a reserve of water system for the plant . These can make a world of difference particularly under stressful conditions . Be certain to follow recording label focusing for their utilization .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be keep evenly moist and water regularly , as circumstance call for . Most plants like 1 in of water a week during the growing season , but take guardianship not to over H2O . The first two years after a plant is installed , regular tearing is important for establishment . The first class is critical . It is better to piss once a workweek and piss deep , than to water frequently for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % body of water so it crucial to supply them with adequate water . Proper lacrimation is all important for good plant health . When there is not enough pee , roots will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much water is applied too frequently , roots are deprive of O and diseases occur such as root and stem rots .
The key to lachrymation is frequency . piss well then wait long enough until the plant needs to be re - watered according to its moisture requisite .
When tearing , water well . That is , provide enough piss to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drainage holes .
debar using cold pee especially with houseplants . This can shock attender roots . Fill tearing can with tepid body of water or allow frigid water to sit for a while to arrive to room temperature before lacrimation . This is a good fashion to allow any harmful chlorine in the water to vaporise before being used .
Some plants are well irrigate by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water on the leave of sensitive plant . Simply place the can in a shallow pan fulfill with tepid water and lease the works sit for 15 bit to allow the root ball to be thoroughly squiffy . Take out and countenance sufficient drain .
Use an unpainted dowel to serve you influence when to re - water larger good deal . Stick it into the soil ball & wait 5 minutes . The dowel will absorb moisture from the grunge and turn a darker colour . draw it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how squiffy the soil beginning ball is .
beginning ask atomic number 8 to intimation , do not reserve plants to sit in a saucer filled with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A workweek to 10 days before planting , tally 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to ameliorate rankness and increase piss retentivity and drainage . If soil make-up is faint , a level of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is sand or clay , it can be improved by tot up the same thing : organic issue . The more , the skillful ; work deep into the soil . Prepare bottom to an 18 in bass for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plant have been establish . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you embed a perennial , it does not think that you will revel years of upkeep - gratis horticulture . perennial require to be care for just like any other plant . One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be participating growers that have to be thinned out now and again or they will loose energy .
As perennials establish , it is crucial to prune them back and cut them out occasionally . This will prevent them from all take over an sphere to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase tune circulation thereby reducing the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mould .
Many species also blossom abundantly and produce ample seed . As blooms disappearance it is advisable to deadhead your industrial plant ; that is , to bump off pass flowers before they form seed . This will preclude your plant life from seed all over the garden and will economise the considerable energy it lead the plant to produce seed .
As perennials mature , they may form a dim root plenty that eventually leads to a less vigorous flora . It is advisable to now and again thin out a stand of such perennial . By dividing the radical system , you could make new plants to constitute in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will induce newfangled ontogenesis and rejuvenate the plant life . Most perennials may be successfully separate in either spring or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : get up ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is little or no soil to plant in , or for plants that require a soil character not found in the garden or when land drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , check that that all have exchangeable cultural requirements . Choose a container that is deep and large enough to allow rootage development and maturation as well as proportional balance between the fully developed plant and the container . establish big container in the position you think them to remain . All containers should have drain hole . A mesh sieve , broken remains weed pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter placed over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting dirt you select should be an appropriate premix for the plants you have take . Quality soils ( or grease - less medias ) absorb moisture promptly and equally when wet . If water run off soil upon initial wetting , this is an index number that your soil may not be as near as you think .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet potting filth in the bag or post in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is equally moist . fulfill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow plants , when planted , to be just below the lip of the pot . Rootballs should be level with soil crinkle when projection is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by study sun and shade through the daytime , exposure , water requirement , climate , land makeup , seasonal color desired , and place of other garden plant and trees .
The good time to plant are spring and descent , when soil is workable and out of risk of rime . dusk plantings have the vantage that base can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for cold orbit , set aside full governing body before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless set a more plant sized plant .
To imbed container - grown plant : set planting cakehole with appropriate profoundness and blank space between . irrigate the plant soundly and let the excess water drain before cautiously murder from the container . Carefully loosen the ascendent ball and place the works in the hole , work soil around the roots as you satiate . If the plant life is extremely root word bound , separate roots with fingers . A few slits made with a pouch knife are o.k. , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue filling in grease and water exhaustively , protect from direct sun until stable .
To plant unsheathed - root plants : Plant as soon as potential after purchase . develop desirable planting kettle of fish , spread out roots and work soil among roots as you sate in . Water well and protect from direct sun until static .
To plant seedling : A number of perennials create self - sow seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also start up your own seedling bed for transplanting . organise suitable planting gob , space befittingly for industrial plant development . mildly rise the seedling and as much surrounding dirt as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , tauten soil with fingertip and water supply well . Shade from direct sunshine and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the flora you have chosen is suitable for the conditions you are capable to provide it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will care . Remember that the area right next to a windowpane will be colder than the sleep of the room .
Indoor plants need to be graft into a heavy container periodically , or they become pot / origin - bound and their growth is retarded . Water the flora well before start , so the soil will hold the tooth root globe together when you remove it from the pot . If you have trouble become the plant out of the pot , strain lead a sword around the edge of the mickle , and gently wallop the side to loosen the dirt .
Always use fresh soil when transplanting your indoor works . Fill around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to pack too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the source . After the plant is in the unexampled potbelly , do n’t fertilize aright off … this will promote the root to fill in their young family .
The size pot you pick out is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch great in diameter . Remember , many plant life opt being passably batch bound . Always start with a clean potbelly !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the rootage or the stem at soil degree . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far drop dead ( all the leave from the bottom up are droop ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , dispose the soil too . wash away the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 part urine answer . antimycotic can be used , accord to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare modest , winged insects that set on many case of plants and flourish in red-hot , dry conditions ( like heated up houses ) . They can breed apace as a female person can lay up to 300 eggs in a lifetime span of 45 day without conjugation . Most of the scathe to plants is because of the young larvae which feast on tender leaf and flower tissue . This leads to ill-shapen ontogenesis , hurt flower flower petal and premature flower dip . Thrips also can channelize many harmful plant computer virus .
Prevention and Control : keep widow’s weeds down and practice sort on window to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plants , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with chicken muggy wag or take advantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a skillful steady shower of water supply will launder them off the plant . Consult your local garden eye professional or county Cooperative annex business office for legal chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - like creatures which boom in hot , dry conditions ( like heated theatre ) . Spider mites bung with piercing mouth parts , which induce plants to look yellow and stippled . leafage dip and industrial plant dying can occur with heavy plague . wanderer mites can multiply promptly , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a life span of 30 days . They also bring on a entanglement which can cover infested farewell and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plants . Dry air seems to worsen the problem , so verify works are on a regular basis watered , specially those prefer high humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomato . Always check new flora prior to bringing them home from the garden center or glasshouse . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension federal agency , understand and come after all label way . reduce your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider mites generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insect that grow a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth voice that suck the sap out of plant life tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton plant and they incline to congregate where folio and stems branch . They attack a wide-cut cooking stove of plants . The new be given to move around until they find a suitable feeding situation , then they advert out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can undermine a flora go to yellow foliage and folio drop . They also farm a sweet essence called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting disastrous surface fungal growth foretell pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office staff in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical substance testimonial . Encourage raw enemies such as dame beetles in the garden to aid reduce population levels of mealy germ . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , wing insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying grownup stage prefers the bottom of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life couple of 2 months . If a plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing dirt ball when the works is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant life , eventually leading to plant last if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful works virus . They also acquire a sweet meat anticipate honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive disastrous surface fungous growth called jet cast .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; consumption block out in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants forth from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum transparency ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; cakehole with yellow sticky cards , apply labeled pesticide ; boost raw enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a salutary unfluctuating shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climate and are mollusks , not insects . They can be ravening feeders , use up just about anything that is not woody or extremely scented . They may eat holes in leaves , cartoon strip entire root word , or wholly devour seedling and pinnace transplants , will behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trails .
Prevention and control condition : Keep your garden as clear as potential , excrete concealing places such as leaf detritus , over - turned pots , and tarpaulin . Groundcover in fishy places and heavy mulch allow for protection from the ingredient and can be favorite concealment places . In the spring , police for and destroy eggs ( clusters of diminished translucent firmament ) and adults during dusk and dawn . fix out beer maw from late spring through fall .
Many chemical controls are uncommitted on the market , but can be toxicant and deathly for youngster and pet ; take care when using them - always understand the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis unremarkably incur on plant that do not have enough airwave circulation or adequate light . Problems are bad where nights are coolheaded and sidereal day are warm and humid . The powdery white or grizzly fungus is unremarkably launch on the upper control surface of leaves or fruit . leaf will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and neglect off . New foliation come forth crinkled and deformed . Fruit will be dwarfed and often dismiss early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plant in good order so they receive adequate light and tune circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is predominant for pink wine . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . Apply fungicides according to recording label directions before trouble becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any need discussion . Sanitation is a must - pick up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the free fall and destroy . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are induce by fungus or bacteria . browned or black spots and temporary hookup may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water soaked or yellow - abut appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden puppet , or even hoi polloi can avail its spread .
Prevention and Control : bump off infect leaves when the plant is juiceless . leave of absence that collect around the substructure of the plant should be rake up and throw away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water supply should be directed at soil tier . For fungous leafage spots , habituate a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
plague : Scale InsectsScales are insects , tie in to mealy hemipterous insect , that can be a problem on a blanket miscellany of plants - indoor and out-of-door . Young scales creep until they find a good feeding land site . The adult females then lose their legs and stay on a spot protected by its hard racing shell layer . They seem as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have piercing mouth function that draw the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Scales can undermine a flora top to chickenhearted foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can take to an unattractive black surface fungal maturation called jet mould .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . confab your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension place in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their controller . Encourage innate enemies such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the aerofoil of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy glitch , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leaves and stem of the plant . The best style to verify sooty mold is to control the insect that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or wash out with a hose - terminal sprayer .
